癌症有超過一百個種類,一般可依據癌細胞原發部位來分類,例如肺癌、乳癌等;另外能根據不同組織或細胞做以下分類:
另類醫學的治療方式包含許多種類的系統或療法,此類治療以現代醫學標準的觀點來看,通常不被認為是有效及安全的。但是醫師仍然可以利用這樣的治療方法來「補充」標準治療所不能提供的,例如身體的舒適或是心靈上的平靜,重燃起患者對治療癌症的希望。
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治療某些白血病和淋巴瘤則需要使用高劑量的化療或全身放射治療。這樣的治療方式是先將患者原有的骨髓細胞完全破壞,避免進行骨髓細胞移植時發生排斥作用。進行骨髓移植之後,依靠患者本身的復原能力,重新進行造血功能。移植的來源除了接受親屬或配對符合的捐贈者之外,也可將病患本身的骨髓細胞以及周邊造血幹細胞(英语:peripheral blood stem cell)先取出存放待日後移植所需,稱為自體移植(英语:autologous transplantation)。
您周围的环境可能含有会导致患癌风险增加的有害化学物质。即使您不吸烟,但如果您前往有人吸烟的地方或是与吸烟者同住,您也可能会吸入二手烟。家里或工作场所的化学物质(如石棉和苯)也会增加患癌的风险。
The most typical types of cancer vary, however the cancer burden looks no less than as superior in pets as in humans. Animals, generally rodents, are often Employed in most cancers investigation and experiments of organic cancers in larger animals may perhaps profit investigation into human cancer.[272]
People with most cancers have a heightened danger of blood clots of their veins that may be daily life-threatening.[210] The use of blood thinners which include heparin lower the risk of blood clots but haven't been shown to enhance survival in individuals with most cancers.[210] Those who consider blood thinners even have an increased possibility of bleeding.[210]
[one hundred and five] Each individual of those alterations regulates gene expression without altering the fundamental DNA sequence. These modifications may 癌症 perhaps remain via cell divisions, endure for various generations, and can be regarded as such as mutations.
出生后发生的基因突变。大多数基因突变会在您出生后发生,并且不会被遗传。有多种因素会导致基因突变,例如抽烟、辐射、病毒、致癌化学物质(致癌物)、肥胖症、激素、慢性发炎和缺乏运动。
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避免暴露于紫外线辐射(这主要源于阳光暴晒和人工晒黑设备)和/或采取防晒措施;
天生的基因突变。您天生可能就有继承自父母的基因突变。这种突变占癌症的一小部分。
第一步——基因突变,当正常细胞(米色)中的某些细胞(橙色)发生基因突变, 使其在正常状态下增殖的倾向增加时,肿瘤就开始发展了。